Cut and fill mining pdf

So, the cut and fill process is typically one of the first construction processes to take place on a site. Reliability analysis and design of backfill in a cutandfill mining. Earthwork construction and layout topic i 3 1 excavation and embankment introduction this section is the longest and is consider the most difficult topic area for the. Other articles where overhand cutandfill mining is discussed. Indonesia, the underground mining will be promoted in terms of the increasing mining depth and the environmental protection. Mechanized cut and fill stopes can be very productive with stope widths in excess of 40 m in good ground conditions and stope lift heights of 4 to 8 metres. Selective mining, such as post pillar cut and fill, is used in large, flat, irregularly shaped ore bodies where ground stability is to be maintained. Overhand cut and fill evolved from square set stull stoping to provide stronger support. The mining rate includes the mining of both waste and ore. Cut and fill mining is a method of shorthole mining used in steeply dipping or irregular ore zones, in particular where the hanging wall limits the use of longhole methods. The method has evolved at each mine to meet the unique situations associated with their milling procedure.

Separate one page or a whole set for easy conversion into independent pdf files. Cemented backfill mix to be used in a cutfill mining method. Cuts are shown on a map when they are at least 10 feet high, and they are drawn with a contour line along the cut. It is most useful in ore where the wall rock or vein is unconsolidated and cannot be safely mined using traditional cut and fill. In this method, mining begins at the bottom of the ore body. Postpillar design for overhand cut and fill mining in. Drift and fill is similar to cut and fill, except it is used in ore zones which are wider than the method of drifting will allow to be mined. In earthmoving, cut and fill is the process of constructing a railway, road or canal whereby the amount of material from cuts roughly matches the amount of fill needed to make nearby embankments, so minimizing the amount of construction labor. Together with roomandpillar mining, it is the most flexible of underground methods. Without computer software to determine the amount of land to be added or removed, we can do simple calculations to estimate the cut and fill volume of any site.

Mechanized cut and fill mining refers to cut and fill stopes that are accessible by rubber tired equipment from the regular mine access development. Pdf underhand cutandfill stoping is an efficient, sustainable mining method that is particularly applicable to complicated mining conditions. Cut and fill welcome to the narrowvein mining project. Review of the cut and fill method of underground mining. At ss the higher cost is due to the use of considerable squareset stoping in conjunction with cutandfill stoping. In overhand cutandfill mining, the most common variation, mining starts at the lower level and works upward. Clear and detailed volume reports include cutfill volumes, subgrade volumes, strata volumes, topsoil removalreplacement, and overexcavate volumes.

T and t represent mines where the stringersetandfill method, using large quantities of timber, is employed under very heavy hangingwall conditions that require cautious mining. A database of twelve 12 underhand cut and fill operations was compiled as part of this project through mine visits. Various sections of a roadway design will require bringing in earth. The rock mass surrounding the ore deposit is also usually weak unable to support loads over an extended stoping height. For many decades, cutandfill method was perhaps the most widely used method, especially in metal mines. Cut and fill stoping is a method of underground mining used in vertical stopes and in mining highgrade irregular ore bodies.

It was then replaced by other methods to a great extent and wherever possible. During 1983 the australian mineral industries research association ltd. The post pillar cut and fill stoping method has been adopted by king island scheelite for the extraction of the main dolphin orebody. Overhand cut and fill mining method is used in steeply dipping ore bodies in strata having a relatively weak strength and comparatively high grade ore. This cost can be justified if the ore body is of a particularly high grade.

In cut and fill mining method, as the mined voids are backfilled with. In cutandfill mining, the ore is removed in a series of horizontal drifting slices. Underhand cutandfill mining is a potential solution to. Difficult ground conditions negatively affect both mine production and the safety of underground workers. Pillars are left inside the stope to support the roof. Its disadvantages, on the other hand, are as follows. Underhand mining uses cemented mill tailings for backfilling the minedout stope cut, making the mining process in the following cuts. Every selected page of this pdf file will be converted in one separated. Underhand cut and fill mining as practiced in three deep. In underhand cutandfill mining, work progresses from the top downward. Volumes are calculated using 3d triangulation models, the most accurate way to estimate.

This method has been widely used in many countries for vein type or narrow orebody mineral extraction. Review of the cut and fill method of underground mining ausimm. Cut and fill, drift and fill the rock quality designation is a further critical factor. For more than 40 years, we have successfully delivered complex, largescale civil engineering and construction projects for many of the bestknown companies in their fields, delivering costeffective results whilst maintaining quality and safety. Undercutandfill mining as practiced at magma copper, co. Pdf cost calculations for highly mechanized cutandfill. In cutandfill mining methods with blasthole stoping and delayed backfill, after extraction of adjacent pillars that contain. A schematic of the multislice cut and fill mining method is depicted in figure 5, with respect to this method. Underground mining with the cut and fill method has been declining during the past decade or so, being replaced mostly by sublevel open stoping methods. Mining in minnesota cut and fill mining method 3d animation for more information and to request a free estimate, contact us today. A schematic of the multislice cutandfill mining method is depicted in figure 5, with respect to this method. Cost calculations for highly mechanized cutandfill stoping. The orebody is a massive, tabular deposit varying from 10 to 50 metres in thickness, and dipping at approximately 30 towards and under the sea bed. For many decades, cut and fill method was perhaps the most widely used method, especially in metal mines.

With this method, ore is recovered in horizontal slices starting from the bottom and advancing upward. The major advantages of underground mining over open pit mining are lessened environmental. Post pillar cut and fill stoping at the dolphin mine of. Minedout stopes are hydraulically backfilled with tailings, and. Cost calculations for highly mechanized cut and fill stoping. Decmil our founding construction and engineering business was established in the pilbara region of western australia in 1978. The major difference is that in figure 2a one is largely operating remotely from the immediate filled back, whereas in figure 2b one is mining by manentry methods.

Underhand cut and fill is a versatile mining method. This system can be adapted to many different ore body shapes and ground conditions. Excavation and embankment cut and fill civil engineering. Embankment the placement and compaction of layers of earth or rock to form a roadbed of the planned shape, density, and profile grade. A decline access pathway is mined down to the gold. It is used to fill underground voids where the ore has been extracted, either to provide a working platform from which the next slice of or can be extracted. This selective mining is used to open the stope to the full lateral extent of the ore body in order to minimize the dilution and maximise the recovery. The cutoffgrade stated in terms of percent copper is set at 0. Preliminary study into a mechanized resue mining method for. However, the design of safe backfill undercuts is typically based on historical exper. The introduction of underhand cut and fill mining in the 1980s made hardrock mining in hazardous ground conditions safer marcinyshyn, 1996.

Mining in minnesota cut and fill mining method 3d animation duration. Cut and fill is a very expensive mining method, due in large part to the high costs of backfill. Cut slopes are rarely created greater than a slope of two to one horizontal to vertical dimensions. Preliminary study into a mechanized resue mining method. Graphite mining at bogala mines, sri lanka, is a unique example of narrow vein mining where the overhand cutandfill method is applied as the most suitable mode of mining for years. A cut is a manmade feature resulting from cutting through raised ground, usually to form a level bed for a road or railroad track. Design spans underhand cut and fill mining pages 1 9. Underhand cut and fill mining as practiced in three deep hard. As a mining method cut and fill is ideally suited to the extraction of ore from narrow steeply dipping orebodies, from orebodies with irregular contacts or outlines. A fill is a manmade feature resulting from filling a low. Cuts are shown on a map when they are at least 10 feet high, and they are drawn with a contour line along the cut line. The program calculates cutfill volumes for the entire site or within areas of interest. Excavated rock is taken to the surface with gold ore taken to strathalbyn and rock without gold mullock is stored on the surface before being progressively returned to the mine to fill the excavated voids. Overhand cutandfill mining mining method britannica.

Experimental and analytical studies to achieve an optimised. Cut and a fill supplementary terrain features cut and a fill supplementary terrain features cut. The ore is mined in horizontal or slightly inclined slices, and then filled with waste rock, sand or tailings. Gold quartz veins in a hardrock gold mine, stoping and mucking mbmm duration. The second section describes underground mining equipment, with particular focus on excavation machinery such as boomheaders, coal cutters, continuous miners and shearers.

Cemented backfill mix to be used in a cut fill mining method. Excavation and embankment cut and fill excavation the removal of soil or rock from its natural location. The advantages of underground mining are basically the disadvantages of open pit or surface mining. Underhand cutandfill mining has allowed for the safe extraction of ore in many mines operating in weak rock or highly stressed, rockburstprone ground conditions. This contour line extends the length of the cut and has tick marks that extend from the cut line to the roadbed, if the map scale permits this level of detail. Sublevel stoping, vertical retreat stoping, sublevel caving, and cutandfill mining are methods that usually can be applied under similar conditions. Oct 23, 2014 ii underhand downward cut and fill ore o is applied to ore lies beneath the working area and the roof is cemented backfill. Post pillar cut and fill stoping at the dolphin mine of king.

Mining in minnesota cut and fill mining method 3d animation. In cut and fill mining method, as the mined voids are backfilled with waste rock or tailings, the surface subsidence due to mining operation can be controlled and. Underhand cut and fill mining methods are used at the lucky friday, stillwater, and galena mines in the western us in an effort to safely mine in difficult ground conditions and as a primary mining method where access below the ore is limited. Dec 20, 2017 mining in minnesota cut and fill mining method 3d animation duration. Fill of one form or another has been used more or less throughout the history of mining. Underhand cut and fill has been particularly successful in rockburstprone areas. In addition to minimizing the disadvantages of resue mining already mentioned the system also lends itself to reducing the possibility of reef dilution andor reef losses in the waste fill.